Act III - Scene II
[Another part of the wood] |
Enter The King of Fairies [Oberon] |
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Enter Demetrius and Hermia |
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Exit |
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Lie[s] down [and sleeps] |
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Exit |
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[Re-]enter Puck |
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Enter Lysander and Helena |
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Enter Hermia |
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Exeunt Lysander and Demetrius |
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[Exit] |
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Exit |
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[Exit Oberon] |
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Enter Lysander [Lysander and Demetrius wander on stage as if in the dark.] |
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Enter Demetrius |
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[Exeunt] |
[Re-enter Lysander] |
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[Sleeps] |
[Re]-enter [Puck] and Demetrius |
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[Lies down and sleeps] |
Enter Helena |
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[Lies down and] sleep[s] |
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Enter Hermia |
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[Lies down and sleeps] |
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[Exit] |
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— Wesley, Owl Eyes Editor
As mentioned earlier in Act II, scene ii, a “canker" is a kind of insect which eats through the blossoms of plants. More generally though, it can refer to something that destroys or makes bad things happen. The word "blossom" refers to plant blossoms, but the context here tells us that it means a “blossom of love.” Therefore, Hermia is calling Helena a destroyer of Hermia’s and Lysander’s blossoming love.
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— Wesley, Owl Eyes Editor
Puck adheres to Oberon’s wishes and uses his magic to make sure that love between the four humans is in balance. Puck’s supernatural trickery further reveals itself here as he is able to speak as any character and make them fall asleep. Notice though, that rather than removing the effects of the love potion on Lysander himself, Oberon has Puck use the love potion again. This ensures that the love will happen rather than leaving anything up to chance, which further underscores Oberon’s role as playwright because of his preference for using plot devices like the love potion.
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— Wesley, Owl Eyes Editor
Helena’s soliloquy demonstrates how she is very aware of the complexity of gender roles. By saying that the men are only men “in show” rather than in reality. Furthermore, she sarcastically calls their behavior “A trim exploit, a manly enterprise,” meaning that their behavior is manipulative and therefore not masculine. Also in this speech, Helena takes on the typical female-gender roles of “gentle lady” and “poor maid,” which is very different from her earlier desire to do away with gender roles so she can be the pursuer or wooer in a romantic relationship. By pointing out these divisions in masculine and feminine behavior, Helena reveals another part of how the supernatural forest influences the identities of the characters.
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— Kayla, Owl Eyes Staff
Oberon’s hope that Titania would awaken to a “vile” being that she would fall in love with has been fulfilled. Titania’s object of affection is not only a “vile” human being but someone who is now actually part animal. Note that Puck presents this development in his usual singsong rhyme, reminding the viewer again that this is not meant to be a malicious plot, but a playful and light-hearted prank. Note too, that Puck’s perspective on the matter is distanced, much like a playwright or storyteller might be. Puck and Oberon are thus established as the creators of the plot that the audience is watching unfold, and Shakespeare further emphasizes the ways in which one can act as playwright in one’s own life and the lives of others.
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— Wesley, Owl Eyes Editor
Now that Puck has attempted to correct his mistake, Helena is pursued by Lysander and Demetrius, throwing the situation into disarray. Her soliloquy here drastically points out distinctions between expected forms of behavior: She says that the men’s actions do her “injury” and “mock” her because, she claims, they are acting “in show” and “merriment.” While she does point out the falsehood of their actions, she cannot see that they are acting out the roles given them by the love potion. Her language furthermore supports the way that Oberon and Puck have played playwright in the tale by staging this romance.
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— Wesley, Owl Eyes Editor
Oberon is upset at Puck because he discovers that Puck has applied the love potion to the wrong Athenian. Instead of giving it to Demetrius to bring forth true love and restore balance among the Athenians, he has created a false love in Lysander, which only wreaks more havoc. Oberon’s desire to restore balance by bringing forth true love demonstrates how love, while at times irrational and chaotic, can help to equalize imbalance.
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— Kayla, Owl Eyes Staff
“Russet-pated” is a term that means reddish brown or red-haired. A chough is a bird of the crow family, often formerly referring to any of the small chattering birds, especially the Jackdaw.
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— Kayla, Owl Eyes Staff
The rivalry between Lysander and Demetrius over Helena has escalated quickly, prompting the men to depart for a duel in the woods. Throughout the play characters have emphasized the many ways in which love can cause emotional distress, but here we see that love has the ability to cause physical pain and suffering as well. Shakespeare again highlights the potentially destructive side of love.
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— Wesley, Owl Eyes Editor
Lysander, under the effects of the love juice, uses this racist insult, along with “Away, you Ethiope!”, to rebuke Hermia so he can continue expressing his love for Helena. At the time of writing, non-Europeans were considered undesirable, and Lysander’s insults focus on how Hermia has darker features, like her hair and skin color, than Helena does. The adjective “tawny” means that something has a light brown to brownish orange color.
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— Kayla, Owl Eyes Staff
Neptune is the Roman god of freshwater and the sea. Neptune here refers to the sea itself, and Oberon is describing his love for the way the sun hits the water and changes its color from “salt green” to “gold.” After Puck claims the night is a kind of liberating time for fun and mischief, Oberon corrects him, saying that they are not dark and sinister creatures who only really come out at night. However, note that we rarely do see Oberon out during the day, and his mischievous plots take place in the night. Although Oberon may like to believe that he is very different from Puck, they, and all supernatural creatures, are actually quite similar in some ways.
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— Wesley, Owl Eyes Editor
One of the definitions of a "confederacy" is a group of people united to commit an unlawful act, similar to a conspiracy. In this case, Helena is accusing Hermia of having joined Lysander and Demetrius in mocking Helena with false declarations of love.
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— Wesley, Owl Eyes Editor
The Taurus Mountain range is located in Asia Minor, or today’s southern Turkey. The range is noted for its high peaks which are covered in snow year round. Since the mountains are so high and eternally white, Demetrius invokes them to emphasize Helena’s purity and virtue, like the snow on the mountains.
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— Kayla, Owl Eyes Staff
“Welkin” is an archaic word for sky, and “Acheron” is a river located in the Epirus region of northwest Greece. In ancient Greek mythology, Acheron was believed to be one of the five rivers of the underworld, and Homer described it as the river of Hades in his epics. Oberon tells Puck “The starry welkin cover thou anon/With drooping fog as black as Acheron,” which means something like “Cover the sky with a fog that is as dark as hell.”
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— Wesley, Owl Eyes Editor
As we can see from context, this word refers to the group of men, called clowns in the stage direction, who are practicing for their performance at Theseus and Hippolyta's wedding. The word “mechanicals” therefore refers to craftsmen or manual workers considering their professions.
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— Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
Puck's line is ironic because Puck's love potion, which made Lysander and Demetrius fall in love with Helena, is the reason these mortals are acting so foolish. Puck's obvious delight and sense of pride in the mischief he has created creates an interesting presentation of love within this romance. Puck seems to to hold these mortals in contempt because they becomes foolish and weak when they are in love. While most Shakespearian dramas and comedies trumpet the importance of love and relationships, Puck, one of the most memorable and beloved characters in this play, openly mocks love and denies its importance.