XXVIII

THE HOMEWARD JOURNEY—THE TWO QUEENS

          Then the band of very valiant retainers
          Came to the current; they were clad all in armor,
          In link-woven burnies. The land-warder noticed
          The return of the earlmen, as he erstwhile had seen them;
5       Nowise with insult he greeted the strangers
          From the naze of the cliff, but rode on to meet them;
          Said the bright-armored visitors vesselward traveled
          Welcome to Weders. The wide-bosomed craft then
          Lay on the sand, laden with armor,
10      With horses and jewels, the ring-stemmèd sailer:
          The mast uptowered o'er the treasure of Hrothgar.
          To the boat-ward a gold-bound brand he presented,
          That he was afterwards honored on the ale-bench more highly
          As the heirloom's owner. Set he out on his vessel,
15      To drive on the deep, Dane-country left he.
          Along by the mast then a sea-garment fluttered,
          A rope-fastened sail. The sea-boat resounded,
          The wind o'er the waters the wave-floater nowise
          Kept from its journey; the sea-goer traveled,
20      The foamy-necked floated forth o'er the currents,
          The well-fashioned vessel o'er the ways of the ocean,
          Till they came within sight of the cliffs of the Geatmen,
          The well-known headlands. The wave-goer hastened
          Driven by breezes, stood on the shore.
25      Prompt at the ocean, the port-ward was ready,
          Who long in the past outlooked in the distance,
          At water's-edge waiting well-lovèd heroes;
          He bound to the bank then the broad-bosomed vessel
          Fast in its fetters, lest the force of the waters
30      Should be able to injure the ocean-wood winsome.
          Bade he up then take the treasure of princes,
          Plate-gold and fretwork; not far was it thence
          To go off in search of the giver of jewels:
          Hrethel's son Higelac at home there remaineth,
35      Himself with his comrades close to the sea-coast.
          The building was splendid, the king heroic,
          Great in his hall, Hygd very young was,
          Fine-mooded, clever, though few were the winters
          That the daughter of Hæreth had dwelt in the borough;
40      But she nowise was cringing nor niggard of presents,
          Of ornaments rare, to the race of the Geatmen.
          Thrytho nursed anger, excellent folk-queen,
          Hot-burning hatred: no hero whatever
          'Mong household companions, her husband excepted
45      Dared to adventure to look at the woman
          With eyes in the daytime; but he knew that death-chains
          Hand-wreathed were wrought him: early thereafter,
          When the hand-strife was over, edges were ready,
          That fierce-raging sword-point had to force a decision,
50      Murder-bale show. Such no womanly custom
          For a lady to practise, though lovely her person,
          That a weaver-of-peace, on pretence of anger
          A belovèd liegeman of life should deprive.
          Soothly this hindered Heming's kinsman;
55      Other ale-drinking earlmen asserted
          That fearful folk-sorrows fewer she wrought them,
          Treacherous doings, since first she was given
          Adorned with gold to the war-hero youthful,
          For her origin honored, when Offa's great palace
60      O'er the fallow flood by her father's instructions
          She sought on her journey, where she afterwards fully,
          Famed for her virtue, her fate on the king's-seat
          Enjoyed in her lifetime, love did she hold with
          The ruler of heroes, the best, it is told me,
65      Of all of the earthmen that oceans encompass,
          Of earl-kindreds endless; hence Offa was famous
          Far and widely, by gifts and by battles,
          Spear-valiant hero; the home of his fathers
          He governed with wisdom, whence Eomær did issue
70      For help unto heroes, Heming's kinsman,
          Grandson of Garmund, great in encounters.

Footnotes

  1. By placing descriptions of Hygd and Thyrtho near each other in the tale, the poet juxtaposes the virtues of Hygd with the vices of Thyrtho, a queen of an earlier period who exhibited all the worst traits of someone whose power has gone to her head. When characters and juxtaposed in such a way, it makes their respective qualities more pronounced; it is easier to see Hygd’s positive qualities when they are shown next to Thyrtho’s negative ones.

    — Wesley, Owl Eyes Editor
  2. Higelac's young queen and mother to Higelac's heir, Heardred, Hygd plays an important role in the development of Beowulf's future later in the poem. Notice how shortly here Hygd's virtues are juxtaposed with Thyrtho's to emphasize Hygd's positive qualities.

    — Wesley, Owl Eyes Editor
  3. This is another fine example of alliteration, the repetition of initial consonant sounds. Common in Anglo-Saxon poetry, and other styles as well, alliteration such as this is done with deliberate purpose: it not only helps the audience memorize the image and the words but also it adds power to the statement—particularly with a strong voiced consonant like b.

    — Wesley, Owl Eyes Editor
  4. Scandinavian and Anglo-Saxon ships were clinker-built, which means their boards overlapped each other, were fastened by pegs, and as the ship moved on the water, the ship actually flexed constantly, which created a creaking noise, here written as “resounded.”

    — Wesley, Owl Eyes Editor